Percentage increase measures how much a value has grown relative to its starting point.
Find the % Increase
% Increase = ((New Value − Original Value) ÷ Original Value) × 100
Step by step: subtract original from new, divide by original, multiply by 100.
Example: $40 → $50. ($50 − $40) ÷ $40 × 100 = 25% increase.
If the result is negative, the value decreased. $100 → $80 = −20% (a 20% decrease).
Add a % to a Number
New Value = Original × (1 + Percentage ÷ 100)
Shortcut: multiply by 1 + decimal form. 5% → ×1.05. 10% → ×1.10. 25% → ×1.25. 100% → ×2 (doubles).
Reverse: Find the Original
Original = New Value ÷ (1 + Percentage ÷ 100)
$115 after a 15% increase: $115 ÷ 1.15 = $100.
Common mistake: do NOT subtract the percentage from the new value. $115 − 15% of $115 = $97.75, which is wrong. Use division.